https://doi.org/10.4081/jae.2024.1553

Kinematic model for mechanical apple blossom thinning

Vol. 55 No. 1 (2024)
Published: 23 January 2024
Cycloids, kinematic, mechanical thinning, sustainable horticulture, trajectory, alternate bearing
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Authors

Daniel Veal
Institute of Agricultural Engineering, University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Chattanooga, TN, United States.
Lutz Damerow
Institute of Agricultural Engineering, University of Bonn, Germany.
Peter Schulze Lammers
lammers@uni-bonn.de
Institute of Agricultural Engineering, University of Bonn, Germany.
Michael Blanke
INRES, Horticultural Science University of Bonn, Germany.

The international apple trade requires apples with diameters of over 70 mm. Left untouched, apple trees tend to produce many apples of small diameter. To increase apple size, the number of blossoms can be reduced in their early growth stage, leaving fewer apples that will grow larger because of access to a greater portion of nutrients. Over the past few decades this has been mainly accomplished through chemical means, but recent demand for sustainable fruit production with fewer chemicals requires means of blossom thinning using, e.g., mechanical methods, i.e., a machine with rotors and brushes. The goal of this project was to perform kinematic analysis on such a mechanical thinning machine to model the motion and behavior, both mathematically and graphically, as well as offer recommendations of operating parameters to maximize the machine’s efficiency. The project involved creating and assembling a three-dimensional model of the machine in Pro/ENGINEER, performing kinematic analysis on the model, using the output to produce a mathematical formula, and using that formula to both analyze and predict the operation of the machine. The mathematical model was verified successfully against field test data. It was then used to provide tractor and rotor speeds for a range of desired percentage of blossoms removed. It also accomplished the reverse, predicting the percentage of blossoms removed for a series of chosen tractor and rotor speeds.

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How to Cite

Veal, D., Damerow, L., Lammers, P. S. and Blanke, M. (2024) “Kinematic model for mechanical apple blossom thinning”, Journal of Agricultural Engineering, 55(1). doi: 10.4081/jae.2024.1553.
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