Assessment of an expanded-polypropylene isothermal box to improve logistic sustainability of catering services
Abstract
The European catering sector is hugely expanding and serves over 6 billion meals every year, which translate in 65 million meals per day. The aim of our study was to investigate the environmental performance of the expanded-polypropylene (EPP) box production process to improve sustainability in catering services. Moreover, a quantification of the environmental benefit in using the EPP box instead of the conventional packaging was performed. The life cycle assessment was conducted following the ISO 14044:2006 standard. The EPP box for food delivery makes it possible to design a catering service characterised by –37% of overall impacts compared to the use of the common box. EPP represents a useful solution for environmentally sustainable catering services due to its mechanical response and the insulating properties of the polymer foam. The environmental impact of the EPP box life cycle can be further reduced (–29%) by changing the energy country mix and applying a circular economy model, thus recycling the 100% of the EPP box. In conclusion, the EPP box represents a useful solution for an environmentally sustainable catering service.
References
- Baldwin C., Wilberforce N., Kapur A. 2011. Restaurant and food service life cycle assessment and development of a sustainability standard. Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 16:40-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-010-0234-x
- Balzaretti C.M., Ventura V., Ratti S., Ferrazzi G., Spallina A., Carruba M.O., Castrica M. 2018. Improving the overall sustainability of the school meal chain: the role of portion sizes. Eat. Weight. Disord. 1-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-018-0524-z
- Cerutti A.K., Ardente F., Contu S., Donno D., Beccaro G.L. 2018. Modelling, assessing, and ranking public procurement options for a climate-friendly catering service. Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 23:95-115. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-017-1306-y
- Cerutti A.K., Contu S., Ardente F., Donno D., Beccaro G.L. 2016. Carbon footprint in green public procurement: Policy evaluation from a case study in the food sector. Food Policy 58:82-93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2015.12.001
- Ciappellano S., Foschino R.C., Giovanelli G., Giubilesi M.A., Guidetti R., Lavelli V., Montanari A., Porrini M. 2009. Manuale della ristorazione: management, progettazione dei pasti, nutrizione, igiene, merceologia, tecnologia, legislazione. Ed. Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, Distribuzione Zanichelli, Bologna, Italia.
- EPD. 2008. General programme instructions for environmental product declarations. Available from: http://www.environdec.com/documents/pdf/EPD_instructions_080229.pdf
- European Union. 2004. Regulation (EC) No 1935/2004 of the European Parliament and the Council of 27 October 2004 on materials and objects intended to come into contact with food and repealing Directives 80/590/EEC and 89/109/EEC. O. J. Eur. Union 4-17.
- FERCO. 2014. European Industry Overview. Food Service Europe. Available from: www.foodserviceeurope.org/
- Fusi A., Guidetti R., Azapagic A. 2016. Evaluation of environmental impacts in the catering sector: the case of pasta. J. Clean. Prod. 132:146-60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.07.074
- GarcÃa-Herrero L., De Menna F., Vittuari M. 2019. Food waste at school. The environmental and cost impact of a canteen meal. Waste Manage. 100:249-58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2019.09.027
- Giordano P., Caputo P., Vancheri A. 2014. Fuzzy evaluation of heterogeneous quantities: measuring urban ecological efficiency. Ecol. Model. 288:112-26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.06.001
- ISO 14040. 2006. Environmental management - life cycle assessment - principles and framework. International Organisation for Standardisation, Geneva, Switzerland.
- ISO 14044. 2006. Environmental management - life cycle assessment - requirements and guidelines, International Organisation for Standardisation, Geneva, Switzerland.
- ISO 668. 2020. Series 1 freight containers - Classification, dimensions and ratings, International Organisation for Standardisation, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Licciardello F, 2017. Packaging, blessing in disguise. Review on its diverse contribution to food sustainability. Trends Food Sci. Tech. 65:32-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2017.05.003
- Lopes J.A., Tsochatzis E.D., Robouch P., Hoekstra E. 2019. Influence of pre-heating of food contact polypropylene cups on its physical structure and on the migration of additives. Food Packag. Shelf Life 20:100305. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fpsl.2019.100305
- Manzini R., Accorsi R. 2013. The new conceptual framework for food supply chain assessment. J. Food Eng. 115:251-63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2012.10.026
- Mistretta M., Caputo P., Cellura M., Cusenza M.A. 2019. Energy and environmental life cycle assessment of an institutional catering service: an Italian case study. Sci. Total Environ. 657:1150-60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.131
- Morton D.T., Reyes A., Clausen A.H., Hopperstad O.S. 2020. Mechanical response of low density expanded polypropylene foams in compression and tension at different loading rates and temperatures. Mater. Today Commun. 100917. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2020.100917
- Neto B., Boyano A., Espinosa N., Quintero R.R., Wolf O. 2017. Revision of the EU GPP criteria for Food procurement and Catering services, 3rd Technical Report. JRC Science for Policy Report, European Commission.
- Palacios-Argüello L., Gonzalez-Feliu J., Gondran N., Badeig F. 2018. Assessing the economic and environmental impacts of urban food systems for public school canteens: case study of Great Lyon Region. Eur. Transp. Res. Rev. 10:37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12544-018-0306-8
- PlasticsEurope. 2018. Annual Review 2017-2018 - Karl-H. Foerster executive director of PlasticsEurope. Association of Plastic Manufactures.
- Raps D., Köppl T., De Anda A.R., Altstädt V. 2014. Rheological and crystallisation behaviour of high melt strength polypropylene under gas-loading. Polymer 55:1537-45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2014.01.036
- Roy P., Nei D., Orikasa T., Xu Q., Okadome H., Nakamura N., Shiina T. 2009. A review of life cycle assessment (LCA) on some food products. J Food Eng 90:1-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2008.06.016
- Saxe H., Jensen J.D., Laugesen S.M.B., Bredie W.L. 2019. Environmental impact of meal service catering for dependent senior citizens in Danish municipalities. Int J Life Cycle Assess 24:654-66. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-018-1487-z
- Silva V.L., Sanjuán N. 2019. Opening up the black box: A systematic literature review of life cycle assessment in alternative food processing technologies. J. Food Eng. 250:33-45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2019.01.010
- Srivastava V., Srivastava R. 2014. A review on manufacturing, properties and application of expanded polypropylene. MIT Int. J. Mech. Eng. 4:22-8.
- Williams P.G., DipNutrDiet M.H.P. 1996. Vitamin retention in cook/chill and cook/hot-hold hospital foodservices. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 96:490-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-8223(96)00135-6
- Xu Z.M., Jiang X.L., Liu T., Hu G.H., Zhao L., Zhu Z.N., Yuan W.K. 2007. Foaming of polypropylene with supercritical carbon dioxide. J. Supercrit. Fluids. 41:299-310. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2006.09.007
- Yu L., Zhu Q., Yu J. 2013. Development and application of expanded polypropylene foam. J. Wuhan Univ. Technol. 28:373-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11595-013-0698-1
- Zhai W., Kim Y.W., Park C.B. 2010. Steam-chest molding of expanded polypropylene foams. 1. DSC simulation of bead foam processing. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 49:9822-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/ie101085s
- Zhai W., Kim Y.W., Jung D.W., Park C.B. 2011. Steam-chest molding of expanded polypropylene foams. 2. Mechanism of interbead bonding. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 50:5523-31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/ie101753w
Metrics
Citations and online attention from Dimensions, Altmetric and PlumX.
License
Copyright (c) 2021 the Author(s)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
PAGEPress has chosen to apply the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) to all manuscripts to be published.